Reading: The Chicago Statement on Biblical Application
The Chicago Statement on Biblical Application
This statement is the third and final in
a trilogy of Summits sponsored by the International Council on Biblical
Inerrancy.
Summit I (October 26-28, 1978) produced the Chicago
Statement on Biblical Inerrancy.
Summit II (November 10-13, 1982) resulted in the
Chicago Statement on Biblical Hermeneutics.
This last conference, Summit III (December 10-13,
1986), drafted the Chicago Statement on Biblical Application. With this
statement the proposed scholarly work of ICBI has been completed, for the
doctrine of inerrancy has thus been defined, interpreted, and applied by many
of the leading evangelical scholars of our day.
Note
The participants at Summit III signed the following
Statement of Affirmations and Denials with the following preface:
"As a participant in Summit III of ICBI, I
subscribe to these articles as an expression of my agreement of their overall
thrust."
Article of Affirmation and Denial
Article I: The Living God
We affirm that the one true and living God is the creator
and sustainer of all things.
We affirm that this God can be known through His revelation of Himself in His
inerrant written Word.
We affirm that this one God exists eternally in three persons, Father, Son, and
Holy Spirit, each of whom is fully God.
We affirm that this living, acting, speaking God entered into history through
the Son Jesus Christ to bring salvation to the human race.
We affirm that the revealed character and will of God are the foundation of all
morality.
We deny that the human language of Scripture is inadequate
to inform us who God is or what He is like.
We deny that the doctrine of the Trinity is a contradiction or is based upon an
unacceptable ontology.
We deny that the notion of God should be accommodated to modern thought which
has no place for the concepts of sin and salvation.
Article II: The Savior and His Work
We affirm that Jesus Christ is true God, begotten from the
Father from all eternity, and also true man, conceived by the Holy Spirit and
born of the virgin Mary.
We affirm that the indivisible union of full deity with full humanity in the
one person of Jesus Christ is essential for His saving work.
We affirm that Jesus Christ, through His vicarious suffering, death, and
resurrection, is the only Savior and Redeemer of the world.
We affirm that salvation is by faith alone in Jesus Christ alone.
We affirm that Jesus Christ, as revealed in Scripture, is the supreme model of
the godly life that is ours in and through Him.
We deny that Scripture warrants any proclamation or offer
of salvation except on the basis of the saving work of the crucified and risen
Christ.
We deny that those who die without Christ can be saved in the life to come.
We deny that persons capable of rational choice can be saved without personal
faith in the biblical Christ.
We deny that presenting Jesus Christ as a moral example without reference to
His deity and substitutionary atonement does justice to the teaching of
Scripture.
We deny that a proper understanding of the love and justice of God warrants the
hope of universal salvation.
Article III: The Holy Spirit and His Work
We affirm that the Holy Spirit is the third person of the
Triune Godhead and that His work is essential for the salvation of sinners.
We affirm that true and saving knowledge of God is given by the Spirit of God
as He authenticates and illuminates the Word of canonical Scripture, of which
He is the primary author.
We affirm that the Holy Spirit guides the people of God, giving them wisdom to
apply Scripture to modern issues and everyday life.
We affirm that the church's vitality in worship and fellowship, its
faithfulness in confession, its fruitfulness in witness, and its power in
mission, depend directly on the power of the Holy Spirit.
We deny that any view that disputes the essential
tripersonality of the one God is compatible with the gospel.
We deny that any person can say from the heart that Jesus is Lord apart from
the Holy Spirit.
We deny that the Holy Spirit, since the apostolic age, has ever given, or does
now give, new normative revelation to the church.
We deny that the name of renewal should be given to any movement in the church
that does not involve a deepened sense of God's judgment and mercy in Christ.
Article IV: The Church and Its Mission
We affirm that the inspiration of the Holy Spirit gives the
Bible its canonical authority, and the role of the church was and is to
recognize and affirm this authority.
We affirm that Christ the Lord has established His church on earth and rules it
by His Word and Spirit.
We affirm that the church is apostolic as it receives and is established upon
the doctrine of the apostles recorded in Scripture and continues to proclaim
the apostolic gospel.
We affirm that identifying marks of local churches are faithful confession and
proclamation of the Word of God, and responsible administration of baptism and
the Lord's Supper.
We affirm that churches are subject to the Word of Christ in their order as in
their doctrine.
We affirm that in addition to their commitment to a local church, Christians
may properly involve themselves in parachurch organizations for specialized
ministry.
We affirm that Christ calls the church to serve Him by its worship, nurture,
and witness as His people in the world.
We affirm that Christ sends the church into the whole world to summon sinful
humanity to faith, repentance, and righteousness.
We affirm that the unity and clarity of Scripture encourage us to seek to
resolve doctrinal differences among Christians, and so to manifest the oneness
of the church in Christ.
We deny that the church can grant canonical authority to
Scripture.
We deny that the church is constituted by the will and traditions of men.
We deny that the church can bind the conscience apart from the Word of God.
We deny that the church can free itself from the authority of the written Word
of God and still exercise valid discipline in Christ's name.
We deny that the church can accommodate itself to the demands of a particular
culture if those demands conflict with scriptural revelation, or if they
restrain the liberty of Christian conscience.
We deny that differing cultural situations invalidate the biblical principle of
male-female equality or the biblical requirements for their roles in the
church.
Article V: Sanctity of Human Life
We affirm that God the Creator is sovereign over all human
life and mankind is responsible under God to preserve and protect it.
We affirm that the sanctity of human life is based on the creation of mankind
in the image and likeness of God.
We affirm that the life of a human being begins at conception (fertilization)
and continues until biological death; thus, abortion (except where the
continuance of the pregnancy imminently threatens the mother's physical life),
infanticide, suicide, and euthanasia are forms of murder.
We affirm that the penal view of social justice is compatible with the sanctity
of human life.
We affirm that withholding food or water in order to cause or hasten death is a
violation of the sanctity of life.
We affirm that because advancing medical technology has obscured the
distinction between life and death, it is essential to evaluate each terminal
case with the greatest care so as to preserve the sanctity of human life.
We deny that the quality of human life has priority over
its sanctity.
We deny that the sanctity of pre-natal life negates the propriety of necessary
medical procedures to preserve the life of the pregnant mother.
We deny that killing in self-defense, in state-administered capital punishment,
or in wars justly fought, is necessarily a violation of the sanctity of human
life.
We deny that those who reject a divine basis for moral law are exempt from the
ethical and social obligation to preserve and protect innocent human life.
We deny that allowing death without medical intervention to prolong life is
always a violation of the sanctity of human life.
Article VI: Marriage and the Family
We affirm that the purpose of marriage is to glorify God
and extend His Kingdom on earth in an institution that provides for chastity,
companionship, procreation and Christian upbringing of children.
We affirm that since marriage is a sacred covenant under God uniting a man and
a woman as one flesh, church and state should require faithfulness to God's
intention that it be a permanent bond.
We affirm that in the marriage pattern ordained by God, the husband as head is
the loving servant-leader of his wife, and the wife as helper in submissive
companionship is a full partner with her husband.
We affirm that loving nurture and discipline of children is a God-ordained duty
of parents, and God-ordained obedience to parents is a duty of children.
We affirm that the church has the responsibility to nurture the family.
We affirm that honor to parents is a life-long duty of all persons and includes
responsibility for the care of the aged.
We affirm that the family should perform many services now commonly assumed by
the state.
We deny that pleasure and self-fulfillment are the basis of
marriage and that hardships are justifiable cause for breaking the marriage
covenant.
We deny that the biblical ideal of marriage can be fulfilled either by a couple
living together without a lawful marriage covenant or by any form of same-sex
or group cohabitation.
We deny that the state has the right to legitimize views of marriage and the
family unit that contravene biblical standards.
We deny that changing social conditions ever make God-ordained marriage or
family roles obsolete or irrelevant.
We deny that the state has the right to usurp biblically designated parental
responsibility.
Article VII: Divorce and Remarriage
We affirm that the marriage of Adam and Eve as a lifelong
monogamous relationship is the pattern for all marriages within the human race.
We affirm that God unites husband and wife in every covenanted and consummated
marriage, and will hold covenant-breakers morally accountable.
We affirm that since the essence of the marriage covenant is life-long
commitment to the covenant partner, action in relation to a marital breakdown
should at least initially aim at the reconciliation of the partners and
restoration of the marriage.
We affirm that God hates divorce, however motivated.
We affirm that although God hates divorce, in a sinful world separation is
sometimes advisable and divorce is sometimes inevitable.
We affirm that God forgives repentant sinners, even those who have sinned by
sundering their marriages.
We affirm that the local church has the responsibility to discipline those who
violate the biblical standards for marriage, compassionately restore those who
repent, and faithfully minister God's grace to those whose lives have been
scarred by marital disruption.
We deny that any contradiction exists within Scripture on
the subject of divorce and remarriage.
We deny that it is sinful to separate or live apart from a promiscuous or
abusive spouse.
Article VIII: Sexual Deviations
We affirm that Scripture reveals God's standards for sexual
relationships, deviation from which is sinful.
We affirm that sexual intercourse is legitimate only in a heterosexual marriage
relationship.
We affirm that God's grace in Christ can deliver men and women from bondage to
deviant sexual practice, be they heterosexual or homosexual, and the church
must assume responsibility for restoring such members to a life that honors
God.
We affirm that God loves homosexuals as well as other sinners, and that
homosexual temptations can be resisted in the power of Christ to the glory of
His grace, just as other temptations can.
We affirm that Christians must exercise a compassion, kindness, and forgiveness
in the ministry of God's grace to those whose lives have been scarred by sexual
deviations.
We affirm that human fulfillment does not depend on satisfying sexual drives;
hedonism and related philosophies encouraging promiscuous sexuality are wrong
and lead to ruin.
We affirm that pornography threatens the well-being of individuals, families,
and entire societies, and that it is incumbent upon Christians to seek to check
its production and distribution.
We deny that homosexual practice can ever please God.
We deny that heredity, childhood conditioning, or other environmental
influences can excuse deviant sexual behavior.
We deny that the sexual molestation or exploitation of children in general and
incestuous relationships in particular can ever be justified.
We deny that it is hopeless to look for deliverance from homosexual practices
or other forms of sexual deviancy.
We deny that the healing of sexual deviancy is aided by condemnation without
compassion or by compassion without the application of Scriptural truth, in
confident hope.
Article IX: The State Under God
We affirm that God established civil government as an
instrument of His common grace, to restrain sin, to maintain order, and to
promote civil justice and general well-being.
We affirm that God gives civil governments the right to use coercive force for
the defense and encouragement of those who do good and for the just punishment
of those who do evil.
We affirm that it is proper and desirable that Christians take part in civil
government and advocate the enactment of laws for the common good in accordance
with God's moral law.
We affirm that it is the duty of Christian people to pray for civil authorities
and to obey them, except when such obedience would involve the violation of
God's moral law or neglect the God-ordained responsibilities of Christian
witness.
We affirm that governments have a responsibility before God to establish and
enforce laws that accord with God's moral law as it pertains to human
relations.
We affirm that Christ's rule of the church through His Word must not be
confused with the power He grants to civil governments; such confusion will
compromise the purity of the gospel and will violate the conscience of
individuals.
We affirm that when families or churches neglect their biblically defined
duties, thus jeopardizing the wellbeing of their members, the state may
rightfully intervene.
We deny that the state has the right to usurp authority of
other God-given spheres of life, especially in the church and in the family.
We deny that the Kingdom of God can be established by the coercive power of
civil governments.
We deny that the state has the right to forbid voluntary prayer and other
voluntary religious exercises at an appropriate time in the public school.
We deny that God's providential establishment of a particular government
confers special blessing, apart from the government's just and faithful
execution of its duties.
We deny that religious belief is an essential prerequisite to service in civil
government, or that its absence invalidates the legal authority of those who
govern.
We deny the Kingdom of God can be established by the power of civil
governments.
We deny that the government has the right to prescribe specific prayers or
forms of religious exercise for its citizens.
Article X: Law and Justice
We affirm that the Scriptures are the only infallible
record of unchanging moral principles basic to a sound jurisprudence and an
adequate philosophy of human rights.
We affirm that God has impressed His image on the hearts of all people so that
they are morally accountable to Him for their actions as individuals and as
members of society.
We affirm that God's revealed law, the moral nature of mankind, and human
legislation serve to restrain the fallen political order from chaos and anarchy
and to point humankind to the need for redemption in Jesus Christ.
We affirm that the Gospel cannot be legislated and the Law cannot save sinners.
We deny that legal positivism, or any other humanistic
philosophy of law, is able to satisfy the need for absolute standards of law
and justice.
We deny that any person or any society fulfills God's standards so as to
justify himself, herself, or itself before the tribunal of God's absolute
justice.
We deny that any political, economic, or social order is free from the deadly
consequences of original sin or capable of offering a Utopian solution or
substitute for the perfect society which Christ alone will establish at His
Second Coming.
Article XI: War
We affirm that God desires peace and righteousness among
nations and condemns wars of aggression.
We affirm that lawful states have the right and duty to defend their
territories and citizens against aggression and oppression by other powers,
including the provision for an adequate civil defense of the population.
We affirm that in rightful defense of their territories and citizens
governments should only use just means of warfare.
We affirm that warring states should strive by every means possible to minimize
civilian casualties.
We deny that the cause of Christ can be defended with
earthly weapons.
We deny that Christians are forbidden to use weapons in the defense of lawful
states.
We deny that the indiscriminate slaughter of civilians can be a moral form of
warfare.
We deny that the circumstances of modern warfare destroy the right and duty of
the civil government to defend its territories and citizens.
Article XII: Discrimination and Human Rights
We affirm that God, who created man and woman in His image,
has granted to all human beings fundamental rights which are to be protected,
sustained, and fostered on the natural and spiritual levels.
We affirm that all human beings are ultimately accountable to God for their use
of these rights.
We affirm that Christians must uphold and defend the rights of others while
being willing to relinquish their own rights for the good of others.
We affirm that Christians are admonished to follow the compassionate example of
Jesus by helping to bear the burdens of those whose human rights have been
diminished.
We deny that any so-called human right which violates the
teaching of Scripture is legitimate.
We deny that any act is acceptable that would harm or diminish another person's
natural or spiritual life by violating that person's human rights.
We deny that age, disability, economic disadvantage, race, religion, or sex
used as a basis for discrimination can ever justify denial of the exercise or
enjoyment of human rights.
We deny that elitism or grasping for power are compatible with Christ's call to
dedicate our rights to His service.
Article XIII: Economics
We affirm that valid economic principles can be found in
Scripture and should form an integral part of a Christian world and life view.
We affirm that material resources are a blessing from God, to be enjoyed with
thanksgiving, and are to be earned, managed, and shared as a stewardship under
God.
We affirm that Christians should give sacrificially of their resources to
support the work of God's church.
We affirm that the use of personal and material resources for the proclamation
of the gospel is necessary both for the salvation of lost mankind and to
overcome poverty where that is fostered by adherence to non-Christian religious
systems.
We affirm that active compassion for the poor and oppressed is an obligation
that God places upon all human beings, especially on those with resources.
We affirm that the possession of wealth imposes obligations upon its
possessors.
We affirm that the love of money is a source of great evil.
We affirm that human depravity, greed, and the will to power foster economic
injustice and subvert concern for the poor.
We affirm that the Bible affirms the right of private ownership as a
stewardship under God.
We deny that Scripture directly teaches any science of economics,
although there are principles of economics that can be derived from Scripture.
We deny that Scripture teaches that compassion for the poor must be expressed
exclusively through one particular economic system.
We deny that the Scripture teaches that money or wealth is inherently evil.
We deny that Scripture endorses economic collectivism or economic
individualism.
We deny that Scripture forbids the use of capital resources to produce income.
We deny that the proper focus of a Christian's hope is material prosperity.
We deny that Christians should use their resources primarily for
self-gratification.
We deny that salvation from sin necessarily involves economic or political
liberation.
Article XIV: Work and Leisure
We affirm that God created humankind in His image and
graciously fitted them for both work and leisure.
We affirm that in all honorable work, however menial, God works with and
through the worker.
We affirm that work is the divinely ordained means whereby we glorify God and
supply both our own needs and the needs of others.
We affirm that Christians should work to the best of their ability so as to
please God.
We affirm that people should both humbly submit to and righteously exercise
whatever authority operates in their sphere of work.
We affirm that in their work people should seek first God's kingdom and
righteousness, depending on Him to supply their material needs.
We affirm that compensation should be a fair return for the work done without
discrimination.
We affirm that leisure, in proper balance with work, is ordained by God and
should be enjoyed to His glory.
We affirm that work and its product have not only temporal but also eternal
value when done and used for God's glory.
We deny that persons should pursue their work to fulfill and
gratify themselves rather than to serve and please God.
We deny that the rich have more right to leisure than the poor.
We deny that certain types of work give persons greater value in God's eyes
than other persons have.
We deny that the Christian should either depreciate leisure or make a goal of
it.
Article XV: Wealth and Poverty
We affirm that God, who is just and loving, has a special
concern for the poor in their plight.
We affirm that God calls for responsible stewardship by His people of both their
lives and resources.
We affirm that sacrificial effort to relieve the poverty, oppression, and
suffering of others is a hallmark of Christian discipleship.
We affirm that just as the wealthy ought not be greedy so the poor ought not to
be covetous.
We deny that we may rightly call ourselves disciples of
Christ if we lack active concern for the poor, oppressed, and suffering,
especially those of the household of faith.
We deny that we may always regard prosperity or poverty as the measure of our
faithfulness to Christ.
We deny that it is necessarily wrong for Christians to be wealthy or for some
persons to possess more than others.
Article XVI: Stewardship of the Environment
We affirm that God created the physical environment for His
own glory and for the good of His human creatures.
We affirm that God deputized humanity to govern the creation.
We affirm that mankind has more value than the rest of creation.
We affirm that mankind's dominion over the earth imposes a responsibility to
protect and tend its life and resources.
We affirm that Christians should embrace responsible scientific investigation
and its application in technology.
We affirm that stewardship of the Lord's earth includes the productive use of
its resources which must always be replenished as far as possible.
We affirm that avoidable pollution of the earth, air, water, or space is
irresponsible.
We deny that the cosmos is valueless apart from mankind.
We deny that the biblical view authorizes or encourages wasteful exploitation
of nature.
We deny that Christians should embrace the countercultural repudiation of
science or the mistaken belief that science is the hope of mankind.
We deny that individuals or societies should exploit the universe's resources
for their own advantage at the expense of other people and societies.
We deny that a materialistic worldview can provide an adequate basis for recognizing
environmental values.