Reading: Numbers and Interrogatives (Textbook)

You will be able to—
      1.   recognize and translate interrogative statements,
      2.   recognize and translate indefinite pronouns,
      3.   recognize and translate basic Greek numbers,
      4.   gain more practice in translating and working with Greek, and
      5.   master ten more high-frequency vocabulary words.

Thus far we have looked at the following types of pronouns: personal (e.g., ἐγώ), relative (e.g., ὅς), demonstrative (e.g., οὗτος), reflexive (myself [ἐμαυτοῦ], yourself [σεαυτοῦ], him/her/itself [ἑαυτοῦ]) and reciprocal (e.g., ἀλλήλων). In this section we will examine indefinite pronouns (someone/something) and interrogative pronouns (who? which? what?).

Possessive adjectives are used in place of the genitive case of the personal pronouns at times.

ἐμός  -- my

σός   -- your

ἡμετερος  -- our

ὑμετερος  -- your (pl.)

Example: 

ἁγίασον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ὁ λόγος ὁ σὸς ἀληθειά ἐστιν (Jn. 17:17)
sanctify them in the truth, your word is truth

This form is an enclitic and is often combined with ὅς (ὅστις).

	Singular		Plural
	Masc. and Fem.	Neut.	Masc. and Fem.	Neut.
Nom.	τις	τι	τινές	τινά
Gen.	τινός	τινός	τινῶν	τινῶν
Dat.	τινί	τινί	τισί(ν)	τισί(ν)
Acc.	τινά	τι	τινάς	τινά

 

Note that the word is an enclitic, with no accent of its own. These forms receive an accent when given special emphasis or when beginning a clause. The two-syllable forms also receive an accent when following a word with no accent on the ultima.

Example:
Καὶ ἀποστέλλουσιν πρὸς αὐτόν τινας τῶν Φαρισαίων.
And they sent to him some of the Pharisees (Mk. 12:13).

We have looked at interrogative clauses, which use οὐ when expecting an affirmative answer and μή when calling for a negative one. Other questions may also be introduced by the following interrogative adverbs:

 

πότε	when?
ποῦ	where?
πῶς	how?
τίς, τί	who? which? what?

Other interrogatives are

διὰ τί	why?
τί	why?

Interrogative Pronoun (τίς/τί who? which? what?)

	Singular		Plural
	Masc. and Fem.	Neut.	Masc. and Fem.	Neut.
Nom.	τίς	τί	τίνες	τίνα
Gen.	τίνος	τίνος	τίνων	τίνων
Dat.	τίνι	τίνι	τίσι(ν)	τίσι(ν)
Acc.	τίνα	τί	τίνας	τίνα

Note that these forms are not enclitic; instead, they have their own accent. Note also that the two-syllable forms are accented on the first syllable and that the acute accent on τίς and τί never changes to a grave accent. The accent is the only difference in form from the indefinite pronoun τις/τι, which is enclitic.

Example:

μὴ  οὖν μεριμνήσητε (worry) λέγοντες·  Τί φάγωμεν; ἤ· Τί πίωμεν; ἤ· Τί περιβαλώμεθα (wear)(Mat. 6:31).
Therefore do not worry saying, “What shall we eat?” or “What shall we drink?” or “What shall we wear?”

 

There are two types of numbers:

      1.   Cardinal numbers (1, 2, 3 and counting)

      2.   Ordinal numbers (first, second, and third, telling order in a list)

In Greek ordinal numbers are expressed as shown:

πρῶτος, -η, -ον	first
δεύτερος, -α, -ον	second
τρίτος, -η, -ον	third
τέταρτος, -η, -ον	fourth

Cardinal Numbers function like adjectives:

εἷς, μία, ἕν	1	ἕξ	6
δύο	2	ἑπτά	7
τρεῖς, τρεῖς, τρία	3	ὀκτώ	8
τέσσαρες, -ων	4	ἐννέα	9
πέντε	5	δέκα	10
		εἴκοσι	20
		τριάκοντα	30
ἑκατόν	100	τεσσεράκοντα	40
χίλιοι, -αι, -α	1,000	πεντήκοντα	50

ἕνδεκα	δώδεκα	τρισκαίδεκα	δεκατέσσαρες	δεκαπέντε ...
11	12	13	14	15

εἴκοσι	τριάκοντα	τεσσαράκοντα	πεντήκοντα	ἑξήκοντα...
20	30	40	50	60

The number one is often compounded (οὐδείς, μηδείς no one, nothing) and you should be able to recognize how it is declined (Machen, New Testament Greek, 165; Summers, Essentials, 138):

	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
Nom.	εἷς	μία	ἕν
Gen.	ἑνός	μιᾶς	ἑνός
Dat.	ἑνί	μιᾷ	ἑνί
Acc.	ἕνα	μίαν	ἕν

ἦσαν δὲ ἐκεῖ λίθιναι ὑδρίαι ἕξ κατὰ τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν   Ἰουδαίων κείμεναι, χωροῦσαι (holding) ἀνὰ μετρητὰς δύο ἢ τρεῖς (Jn. 2:6)

But there was lying there six stone water jars according to the purification of the Jews, holding two or three measures each

      εἷς,  δύο,  τρεῖς,  τέσσαρες,  πέντε,

      ἕξ,  ἑπτά, ὀκτώ,  ἐννέα,  δέκα,

      δώδεκα,       ἑκατόν,     χίλιοι

ἑαυτοῦ, -ῆς	of him/her/itself (319)
ἐμός, -ή, -όν	my, mine (76)
ἱμάτιον, -ου, τό	garment (60)
νύξ, νυκτός, ἡ	night (61)
ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι	whoever (153)
ποῦ	where? (48)
προσκυνέω	I worship (60)
τις, τι	someone, something (525)
τίς, τί	who? which? what? (555)
ὧδε	here, hither (61)