Reading: Cellular Respiration
Vocab
Cellular Respiration: Process in which cells break down glucose and make ATP for energy.
Glycolysis: First stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is split, in the absence of oxygen, to form two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid) and two (net) molecules of ATP.
Glucose: Simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula C2H12O4 that is the nearly universal food for life.
Pyruvic Acid (aka pyruvate): a 3-carbon molecule that results from the splitting of glucose.
ATP (adenine triphosphate): Energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metobolic processes.
ADP (adenine diphosphate): The molecule that results from dephosphorylation (a phosphate group is removed).
Krebs Cycle: Second stage of aerobic respiration in which two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules from the first stage react to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
NADH: Molecule that acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration.
Election Transport Chain (ETC): Series of electron-transport molecules that pass high-energy electrons from molecule to molecule and capture their energy.
Anaerobic Respiration: Type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen.
Aerobic Respiration: Type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen.
Mitochondrion (plural, mitochondria): Organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes energy available to the cell in the form of ATP molecules.
Fermentation: A type of anaerobic respiration that allows ATP to be made through glycolysis.
Key Points
-Overall chemical reaction:Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
-Order of processes:
Glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
Electron Transport Chain
ATP Synthase
-Total ATP molecules formed: 38 (ideally)
-Anaerobic Respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
-Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic produces 38 ATP vs anaerobic 2 ATP
Anaerobic is very quick
Anaerobic can produce energy when oxygen is not available