Reading: Cellular Respiration

Vocab

Cellular Respiration: Process in which cells break down glucose and make ATP for energy.

Glycolysis: First stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is split, in the absence of oxygen, to form two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid) and two (net) molecules of ATP.
Glucose: Simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula C₂H₁₂O₄ that is the nearly universal food for life.

Pyruvic Acid (aka pyruvate): a 3-carbon molecule that results from the splitting of glucose.

ATP (adenine triphosphate): Energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metobolic processes.

ADP (adenine diphosphate): The molecule that results from dephosphorylation (a phosphate group is removed).

Krebs Cycle: Second stage of aerobic respiration in which two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules from the first stage react to form ATP, NADH, and FADH₂.

NADH: Molecule that acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration.

Election Transport Chain (ETC): Series of electron-transport molecules that pass high-energy electrons from molecule to molecule and capture their energy.

Anaerobic Respiration: Type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen.

Aerobic Respiration: Type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen.

Mitochondrion (plural, mitochondria): Organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes energy available to the cell in the form of ATP molecules.

Fermentation: A type of anaerobic respiration that allows ATP to be made through glycolysis.

Key Points

-Overall chemical reaction:
   Glucose + oxygen  → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
-Order of processes:
   Glycolysis
   Kreb’s cycle
   Electron Transport Chain
   ATP Synthase
-Total ATP molecules formed: 38 (ideally)
-Anaerobic Respiration
   Lactic Acid Fermentation
   Alcoholic Fermentation
-Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration
   Aerobic produces 38 ATP vs anaerobic 2 ATP
   Anaerobic is very quick
   Anaerobic can produce energy when oxygen is not available