Reading: Genotypes and Phenotypes
Mutations
Vocab
Mutation: a permanent change in the sequence of DNA
Point mutation: a change in a single nucleotide
Frameshift mutation: a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.
Chromosomal Mutations
Deletion: When a segment of DNA is lost, so there is a missing segment in the chromosome. These usually result in many genes missing from the chromosome.
Duplication: When a segment of DNA is repeated, creating a longer chromosome. These usually
result in multiple copies of genes in the chromosome.
Inversion: When a segment of DNA is flipped and then reattached to the same chromosome.
Insertion: When a segment of DNA from one chromosome is added to another, unrelated
chromosome.
Translocation: When two segments from different chromosomes change positions.