Connectors
Contrast
- In spite of / Despite
Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase. - Although / (Even) though
Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence. - However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast
Introduce a new idea which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma. - On the one hand ... On the other hand
Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs. - In contrast to / Contrary to
Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase. - Whereas
Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas.
Reason and cause
- Because / As / Since / Seeing that
Introduce a sentence. Subordinate sentences introduced by because always appear in final position. - Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to
Introduce a noun phrase.
Purpose
- In order to / So as to
Introduce an infinitive of purpose. - In order that / So that
Introduce a sentence.
Consequence
- Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore / As a consequence of / As a result of
Followed by a noun phrase. - So
Introduces a sentence. No commas.
Addition
- Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more
Used after a strong pause and separated from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma. - As well as / In addition to / Besides
Used to add one more piece of information. Followed by a noun phrase.
Exemplification
- For example / For instance
Introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas. - Such as
Introduces an example referring to the last idea.
CONNECTORS
Contrast
- But / yet
Followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.
The book is short but / yet interesting. - In spite of / despite
Placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’ - Although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that
Followed by a complete sentence. Can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.
Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams. - However, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary
He was quite ill; however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school. - While, whereas
This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring.
Reason and cause
- Because, as since, seeing that
Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home. - Because of, on account of, owing to, due to
Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home. - In order to, so, as to, to:
She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programs.
Add information
- For example, for instance, such as
Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C. - Moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition to
In addition to soul music, she likes rap. - Apart from, except for
Apart from English, she speaks French.
Succession
- First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First ….
- Second / Secondly / Then …
- Third / Thirdly / After that...
- The next stage …
- Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…
Result
- As a result of
As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal. - Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason
Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test.
Last modified: Tuesday, May 18, 2021, 11:41 AM