Connectors

Contrast

• In spite of / Despite
  Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase. 
• Although / (Even) though
  Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence. 
• However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast
  Introduce a new idea which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma. 
• On the one hand ... On the other hand
  Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs. 
• In contrast to / Contrary to
  Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase. 
• Whereas
  Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas. 

Reason and cause

• Because / As / Since / Seeing that
  Introduce a sentence. Subordinate sentences introduced by because always appear in final position. 
• Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to
  Introduce a noun phrase.

Purpose

• In order to / So as to
  Introduce an infinitive of purpose.
• In order that / So that
  Introduce a sentence. 

Consequence

• Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore / As a consequence of / As a result of
  Followed by a noun phrase. 
• So
  Introduces a sentence. No commas.   

Addition

• Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more
  Used after a strong pause and separated from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma. 
• As well as / In addition to / Besides
  Used to add one more piece of information. Followed by a noun phrase. 

Exemplification

• For example / For instance
  Introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas. 
• Such as
  Introduces an example referring to the last idea.

CONNECTORS

Contrast

• But / yet
  Followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.
  The book is short but / yet interesting.
• In spite of / despite
  Placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
  ‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’
• Although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that
  Followed by a complete sentence. Can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.
  Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams.
• However, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary
  He was quite ill; however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school.
• While, whereas
  This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring.

Reason and cause

• Because, as since, seeing that
  Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home.
• Because of, on account of, owing to, due to
  Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home.
• In order to, so, as to, to:
  She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programs.

Add information

• For example, for instance, such as
  Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C.
• Moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition to
  In addition to soul music, she likes rap.
• Apart from, except for
  Apart from English, she speaks French.

Succession

• First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First …. 
• Second / Secondly / Then … 
• Third / Thirdly / After that...
• The next stage … 
• Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…  

Result

• As a result of
  As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.
• Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason
  Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test.