Video Transcript: History

Oh, I wonder where you got that pattern of anger from? Are you an introvert?  Are you an extrovert? I wonder if you got that from your family of origin? Why do you think that way? What are you afraid of? And so on. Dr. Mark here, and I'm  going to take you through in this second lecture, the second topic on the history  of psychology. You probably have observed, others ask those kinds of  questions. Well, where did this come from? How do we know that? And also, if  you've gone to see a counselor, or perhaps as you've been in ministry, and  counseled others, you've asked the same questions. So how did you grow up?  What was your mom? Like? How about your dad? How about his, his dad, your  grandfather? Or what has been the family tradition? And where does this how  does this all come together? These are ideas, concepts, and things that they  have been studied from the pioneers of psychology. As I mentioned them, the  first lecture, we have had this understanding of the human condition, and  throughout the ages, people have wondered the why and the what and, and,  and why am I afraid of heights and, and also the danger in the streets or are  afraid of big crowds of people today, we call them phobias we call them, we also talk about what's going on in the brain and affects how we behave before the  pioneers came along, Freud, Jung, Carl Rogers, of whom we're going to be  talking about today. People just did not have a framework, they did not have a  structure or a system to understand how psychology works. from Scripture, we  had some interesting ideas. But what was a blessing is that Freud and others  came along and said, No, this is what we do observe. This is what we do.  theorize that also we can look at the practical and how this can be applied, of  course, with believers who came along into the world of psychology and said,  Oh, now I get it. Now this is how it fits, coming out of the Bible, coming out of  Scripture, it all hangs together. And it's all that God's created anyway of God  created all things he created, all things of psychology. So let's take a look at  these pioneers. What their discoveries were. The main ideas, you'll get more to  the details, there Moodle. Today, we want to bring you the overview and the  highlights. So let's take a look. Well, we look at Freud, Freud and as we look at  the history and see him in the middle here, his picture, we also see Pavlov and  also Carl Rogers, Carl Jung, BF Skinner, also another researcher named Ulric.  And Freud starts us off, he starts us off with his famous ideas. The first being  psychodynamic theory. psychodynamic theory involves behavior and feelings  and emotions that come from psychological forces, from within and also outside  of the person. It's truly the foundation of, of these questions I just posed. Why  are you afraid of us? What's going on with with you and your mother? And how  you've been nurtured? Or what's going on with you and your dad has he  validated you or not? What things are happening inside of your mind, what's  happening around you psychodynamics. And from there, the psychodynamic  theory barks brings us into the cycle analysis. And this is pretty straightforward,  the analyzing of the psychodynamics going on, in your brain in your mind. 

Thirdly, he came up with the term of the unconscious and the preconscious, the  unconscious, or consciousness, to just to start out with is the awareness of the  self and space and time defined as human awareness of both internal and  external stimuli. And so We look at the unconscious and the conscious the  conscious is the level where it can step consists of all those things we are aware of, including things that we know about ourselves and our surroundings. The  preconscious consists of those things we could pay conscious attention to, if we  so desired. And we're many memories are stored for easy retrieval. And Freud  saw the preconscious as those thoughts that are unconscious at the particular  moment in question. Kind of like things that are at the tip of your tongue or  things you're trying to figure out as you think, and therefore, as you then express and deliver your idea or your response. The term phenomenal that Freud cites  that he developed here, explains this, the phenomenal explains the moment  being in the moment. There's also a term that goes with it not listed here called  Access, which recalls experiences from memory, or in other words, you have  access to those memories. What happened back back then. And from there  what Freud was trying to help us to understand was that there are things  happening on the conscious level, as well as on the unconscious level. When  we bring that to the conscious level, it becomes evident that there have been  things that have been quote, unquote, repressed. And we make jokes about that all the time, well, are you repressing your anger, or you repressing that  resentment? What are things that you've been holding on to from the past?  What just happened today that, that you that has traumatized you, I see that  you've been through some trauma today, or stress, or things that I've been  happy today, what a great experience you had, there at school, or your work, or  happy moments with your spouse, or your children, with Freud with give  structure to as he gives structure to, of course, what we've learned from  scripture, as far as fathers and mothers and families and also memories, and  also healing, and also repressing and resentments and all these terms that we  now know. Thanks to Dr. Freud. And he talks about the ego, the super ego and  the id to give the structure. Now, the ego refers to that which is conscious,  conscious. I'm aware of it, this is what is going on around me, internally and  externally. And the super ego refers to what is I come become aware of what is  conscious, but it's buried, has to then come from the super ego to the surface,  the id or first to the unconscious, those things that are made outside of  conscious awareness, including memory are meant many memories and  thoughts and urges of which we are not aware. So, Freud helps us to get  understand what these terms then help us to understand comes to the human  experience, the human condition, as we affirmed in the first lecture, Freud began to set the stage. And from there we have other theorists as well as practitioners  who take Freud's ideas and have modified them, morphed them, apply them  differently and so on. So from Freud, we now have Carl Rogers. Or excuse me, 

Carl Jung, different Carl here, but Carl Jung, he brought us the idea of the  archetype. Also the collective unconscious individuation, active imagination, the  self persona, the shadow, the introvert, the extrovert, as well as what you're  going to read about in the textbook, Myers Briggs, that personality profile that  helps us to understand who we are as introverts or extroverts. And thanks to  Carl Jung, we now know what the term introvert and extrovert means for most of us. Let's get back to the first term, the term archetype archetype and what the  term archetype. archetype refers to the primordial images that reflect basic  patterns, or universal themes common to us all, and that are present in the  unconscious. These symbolic images exist outside of space, and time. In other  words, it's the images, the things that are apart from us. patterns or themes  common to all of us, that then reflect on who we are an archetype. Perhaps  you've used that term on social media and you have different archetypes or  avatars, different figures and images that reflect who you are, and your  characteristics, your behavioral patterns. Carl Jung was truly at the cutting edge  of his time in the early 20th century, helping us to understand that there are  points of reference, if you will, that point to our character, our thinking, our  behaving. And from there, we get into the term of collective unconscious,  collective unconscious. And the collective unconscious, talks about the many  things that then that come together to form what is within us. The, the, the  aspect of the unconscious, that manifests in the universal themes that run  through all human life. The idea of the Collective Unconscious assumes that the  history of the human race, back to the most primitive times, lives in all people. In other words, the term collective, the term collective, has to do with many, plural,  many experiences, as well as culture, and the human experience collectively  coming together. That gives evidence of what it means to be human. And from  there we go from the collective to the individual. Now, what Carl Jung has  championed for us is to understand the process of developmentalism. And  developmentalism refers to the fact that I become my own person, as we say, for example, my son, who is now 24 years old, I was able to stand back and  observe because I understood psychology to see where he was at at age eight,  as opposed to age 15. And then age 17. And even to age 20, and 21, very  different parts of his life experience, different modes of thinking different patterns of thinking, different, different understandings of the world. For example, when it  comes to individuation, we see a process of becoming, that's involved. That's an example my son, at eight years old, and younger, of course, he was totally  dependent on mom and dad, when mom and dad did, that was accepted as  ooh. Safety, security. I did what Mom and Dad told me to do. If there's if you  know, Dad and Mom are my God, that what they say goes, I follow their  guidance. Also, I depend on them for my food, and also how I understand how  to interact with my grandparents and, and also how to understand my pet, how  to treat the pet well. And so there's a lot of modeling going on from myself as a 

parent, then to my child, who was my son? Well, by the time he reaches age 13, and 14, thanks to Dr. Jung, we begin to understand that there's a shift that  begins to happen. And what Carl then observed was that individuation we then  start to become who we are, and put us in from the Christian worldview, who we  really are, as God has made us to be as an individual, our personalities, well  actually our temperaments come to the surface for how we are hot wired and  then also how we are in terms of how we then behave, or in other words,  personality. So individuation individuation, we then understood, understand, how the human being, according to Jung is entirely whole, but that the most people  have lost touch with important parts of themselves. And through listening to the  messages of our dreams he felt or what are awake time imagination,  daydreaming, we can contact reintegrate our different parts. And the goal of life  is individuation, which is the process of integrating the conscious with the  unconscious synergizing the many components of the psyche. Jung asserted  this quote trust that trust that which gives you meaning and, and accept it as  your guide which goes back to how I was explaining or really jumping off of Carl  Jung's ideas in that we understand how my son becomes a person that he is  based upon what he experienced as a child going on into adolescence, and then now in adulthood at age 24, as a thanks to Dr. Jung's research, more research  has been done on the human being on the human brain, where we now  understand that adolescence does not technically end until the age of 24. And  by that time, the frontal lobe of the brain is fully formed, and adulthood sets in  well, individuation active imagination is another term that Dr. Jung came up with. And with active imagination, it gives us the foundation of understanding our  world around us to refer to activating our imaginal processes in waking life in  order to tap into the unconscious meanings of our symbols, or our archetypes.  In other words, daydreaming is a good thing. It gets us in into the unconscious,  what we don't, we're not always aware of, and then understand what's going on.  And from there, of course, he goes into the thing of self, you know who I am  persona, or self because the archetype symbolizing the totality the personality,  persona, the mask or image, a person presents to the world, as well as introvert  and extrovert introvert, meaning that my whole world is inside of my head,  extrovert and where I draw energy from that is extroverts as I draw energy from  people and everything outside of me. So I'm extroverted, also being outgoing.  But that's because I'm trying to get to the energy I need from people and forces  outside of me, as opposed to forces inside of me coming from my conscious and unconscious. And finally, Myers Briggs, Myers Briggs is his personality profile  indicator, and test that well, we'll call a test but just the questionnaire that  measures the, back to, empirical methods, measures how I'm an introvert, as  opposed to an extrovert, or vice versa. It also tells me, then how I then behave,  what I'm most likely and I am, according to Myers Briggs, for example, I'm an  ENFJ, I'm an extrovert. I'm intuitive, I am a feeling person. And also judging not 

that I'm judging others No, has more to do with judging and right, I'm more task  oriented, as opposed to the opposite of that being more feeling, or rather ENFP  or perceiving. And the perceiving part has to do with the fact that I'm, I'm more  even, I'm more open and not as task oriented. I'm more easygoing, and what  happens happens, and it drives, which drives task oriented people crazy. Well,  Myers Briggs is a great help a tool in understanding how God has made us  thanks to Dr. Jung. And from there we then look at conditioning, Dr. Pavlov, Ivan  Pavlov, classic and operant conditioning. Now Pavlov champion, what we call  classic conditioning. Just to describe this, it's when learning we alter the way we  perceive our environment, the way we interpret and the incoming stimuli, and  therefore the way we interact or behave. So his famous example is the dog. If I  ring the bell, then the dog's mouth salivates because he trained the dog that  when he that he when he heard the bell, then the dog would be would salivate  and his brain would tell him I'm hungry, and come to his dish and eat the food or  drink the water, kind of like the horse that you can lead to the water and make  him drink. Dr. Pavlov discovered this breakthrough of how one thing outside of  us a bell, a noise, an action to reaction can then stimulate the brain, and then  condition us or train our brains to respond in a certain way. Another example  would be the fact that as I walk into my house after a long day at work, I have  smells of delicious food wafting through the air. And my brain begins to think,  aha, it's time to eat now, as well as the fact that it's been a few hours since  lunch. But my brain isn't thinking about eating just yet, until I walked through the  door, and the casserole smell, the smell of fish, that baking is wafting through  the air or during the holiday season, that wonderful smell of cherry pie. It  activates my brain to want to eat the cherry pie, my mouth begins to salivate. It's the all the applications that Pavlov helped us understand what came to human  behavior and conditioning. While that's classic conditioning, the next pioneer, BF Skinner, he championed what's called operant conditioning, he developed what  was called the Skinner box, and he would use mice to to demonstrate how the  fact that yes, like Pavlov there are things that will then then cause the mind to to  react. And also that there's a different science of behavior, however, that any  kind of minimized, he did, he meant he minimized a bit of the holding of the  human humanity, just a bit into the fact that we are our minds and on the human  experience is just that it's conditioned, we are conditioned to respond to what  other things people places and things outside of us then throw at us. And he  came up with a theory of radical behaviorism. Let's take a read the philosophy of science of behavior and behavior is a function according to BF Skinner, our  environmental history is a reinforcing consequences. This does not accept he  says private events, such as thinking perceptions, and unobservable emotions,  and a causal account of an organism's behavior. In other words, as I said, Dr.  Skinner brought the human experience down to cause an effect and brought a  radical idea that we're all made up of just responding to stimuli, which, of course,

is not biblical, and it's not what we subscribe to as believers. However, his  research and his theories help us to understand like Pavlov how we do react,  why we respond to certain things, what stimuli outside of us people places and  things and actions and noises and so on, then train the brain or or affect the  brain in such a way that I respond to certain things. Give me a good example.  What Skinner and Pavlov help us to do is to understand the person who has  been abused. And when we minister to that person, who has been through  abuse from their spouse, say, for example, and it's mental or verbal abuse, both  go together, and whatever, it's the whole thing of, of saying a certain word, or  having a certain tone, or a certain action that that they see. It pushes what we  call a button. What is that button is the button of a response. That that is my  brain is conditioned to respond out of fear of what you might be doing to me,  because of the tone of voice I'm hearing. Why? Because that's what my spouse  does when he or she abuses me. So, Dr. Skinner, Dr. Pavlov has helped us  understand these realities as we help others to overcome their trauma and fear  completely with the help of God, the Holy Spirit and Jesus can heal that heart.  So Skinner, Pavlov, Freud, Jung, we then go to another great pioneer My name  Carl Rogers, of Carl Rogers. He set the stage in the mid 20th century, for what  we now practice all the time as ministers, as counselors, or coaches, it's person  or client centered therapy. For example, we don't say that Well, it's because of  parents all the time and, and, and also other stimuli all the time having to do with this person experience and in how we help this person. Now we go right to the  person, the focus is this, it's focused on a person or client. And their capacity for  self direction, empathy. In other words, I don't tell them what to do. What Carl  helps them do is to talk it out to draw out of them. And this is where we then  apply the lenses of Jesus, where we say, Okay, what's the Holy Spirit doing  inside this person, as we work together here. And what happens is the self  direction, empathy, and acceptance to promote clients development. In other  words, I'm helping my client, I'm helping, not my person from the congregation,  to work through the trauma to work through the issue. And the problem, not with  me telling them what to do. Far be it from me, and that's where we get accused  of judging people, isn't it. But it's where we, we give the person permission, to  think through more deeply and to walk through, perhaps of help of a book or  help of an outline or help of other things, other tools, a personality profile, like  Myers Briggs, to help them see more clearly what's really going on inside of  them, and also around them in their context. That was the strength here of Dr.  Rogers. Well, Dr. Rogers was not the only one, it was also Dr. Neisser, Ulric  Neisser, who famously brought us the most popular and wonderful practice of  what's called CBT, or cognitive behavioral therapy, and what we call in general  cognitive psychology. He helped us understand that the brain and the mind, of  course, we know the brain is that physical, the physical organ in our heads, but  also the mind, which is, of course, the spiritual and also the process of thinking, 

and also then, therefore behaving, as we learned in the first lecture, that that all  hangs together, that has to be valued, we then which again, complements  Rogers, when he says, what's going on inside as well as the others had to do  with what's underneath or unconscious, that meant brought that brought to the  surface that is conscious. Well, Dr. Neisser, he describes cognitive psychology  as this the study of mental processes, such as attention, memory, perception,  language use, problem solving, creativity, and thinking. Well, he opened up a  whole new world, for counselors, ministers, psychologists, psychiatrists across  the board, he gave permission to, to give value to the client, just like Dr. Rogers, to give value to the fact that and really, from a Christian perspective, value to  how God has created us and that what is inside our minds is good, is powerful,  and yes redeemable as we redeem the mind, for the glory of God. Well, it's been good to walk through the psychology history, or the history of psychology. So we can better understand the foundations of the structure that has been given from  all the greats in psychology. And redeemed their ideas in the framework of  Christ. God bless you as you dig deeper in the second topic on the history and  timeline of psychology.