Video: Aristotle's Golden Mean
Aristotle taught that our lives were meant to be flourishing. His idea of the flourishing of life was to live a life of virtue. And virtue is the golden mean between deficiency and too much of something. Click on the link to learn about the way Aristotle advises us to live.
Aristotole's Golden Mean Notes
Aristotle talked about the "golden mean" between the extremes. The table shows examples:
Excess(Vice) | Mean (Virtue) | Deficiency (Vice) | |
Fear & Confidence | Rashness | Courage | Cowardice |
Conversation | Buffoonery | Wittiness | Boorishness |
Shame | Shyness | Modesty | Shamelessness |
Social Conduct | Obsequious | Friendly | Cantankerous |
Self Expression | Boastfulness | Truthfulness | Understate |
Attitude when others wrong you | Revenge & Resentment | Anger, forgiveness, understanding | Pushover, doormat |
Attitude when you wrong others | Indifferent, downplay it, remorseless | Acknowledge, regret, make amends, forgive self | Toxic guilt & shame |
Attitude toward self | Arrogance, conceit, egoism, narcissism, vanity | Pride & self-love | Self-deprecation |
A habit is something is something that we repeatedly do, that becomes a disposition or a character trait. A virtue is a habit that leads to flourishing; a vice, that diminishes flourishing. The mean between the two extremes is where flourishing, thus virtue, is to be expected, and people will be drawn to it. This does not label things as good or evil; it merely looks at whether it leads to flourishing or not.
Questions:
Can the Golden Mean guide actions like other ethical theories? No
Why is it harder to virtuous than viceful? Because there are two ways to be viceful, only one to be virtuous
How do we learn the virtues? Through practice, ideally as children; create good habits by repetition
Is there a mean for murder? No. This is all an approximation, after all; there are intrinsic evils